VNA Master Class: The Metrology of VNA Measurements, Errors, and Uncertainties
A fully metrological measurement made by a VNA is comprised of a value, a unit, an uncertainty, and the confidence interval of the uncertainty. Measurement uncertainty, or the accuracy, is stated on the VNA datasheet. Still, a complete understanding of the error components which contribute to overall uncertainty is helpful to inform and enable the user of the equipment to make the best possible measurements.