“Vector network analyzers are valuable tools for radio technicians working with RF systems in the field or on the bench. VNAs can be used to characterize and tune frequency-dependent components such as combiners, isolators, circulators, duplexers, and filters, as well as verify antenna and transmission-line performance. Technicians can measure S-parameters and return loss, troubleshoot frequency-response problems, and use time-domain reflectometry (TDR) to check cable runs for integrity and locate faults, damaged connectors, “impedance discontinuities, or other sources of reflection. CMT offers compact VNAs well suited for both benchtop and field use.