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Calibration Methods and Procedures

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The Analyzer supports several methods of calibration. The calibration methods vary by quantity and type of the standards being used, by type of error correction, and accuracy. The calibration kit is selected according to the selected calibration method. It is possible to select a calibration method from the available calibration kits. The calibration kit is selected before starting calibration (See Calibration Kit Selection). The table below presents an overview of calibration methods.

Calibration Method	Parameters	Standards	Errors	Accuracy
Reflection Normalization	S11 or S22	•SHORT or OPEN •LOAD (if optional directivity is performed)	Er1, Ed11 or Er2, Ed21	Low
Transmission Normalization	S21 or S12	•THRU •2 LOADs (if optional isolation calibration is performed)	Et1, Ex12 or Et2, Ex22	Low
Full One-Port Calibration	S11 or S22	•SHORT •OPEN •LOAD	Er1, Ed1, Es1 or Er2, Ed2, Es1	High
One-Path Two-Port Calibration	S11, S21 or S12, S22	•SHORT •OPEN •LOAD •THRU •2 LOADs (if optional isolation calibration is performed)	Er1, Ed1, Es1, Et1, Ex12 or Er2, Ed2, Es2, Et2, Ex22	Medium
Full Two-Port Calibration	S11, S21 S12, S22	•SHORT •OPEN •LOAD •THRU •2 LOADs (if optional isolation calibration is performed)	Er1, Ed1, Es1, Et1, El1, Ex12 Er2, Ed2, Es2, Et2, El2, Ex22	High
Full Three-Port Calibration	S11, S21, S31 S12, S22, S32 S13, S23, S33	•SHORT •OPEN •LOAD •THRU •2 LOADs (if optional isolation calibration is performed)	Twenty seven error terms (See table)	High
Full Four-Port Calibration	S11, S21, S31, S41 S12, S22, S32, S42 S13, S23, S33, S43 S14, S24, S34, S44	•SHORT •OPEN •LOAD •THRU •2 LOADs (if optional isolation calibration is performed)	Forty eight error terms (See table)	High
Two-Port TRL Calibration	S11, S21 S12, S22	•THRU or LINE •REFLECT •LINE or 2 LOADs	Er1, Ed1, Es1, Et1, El1 Er2, Ed2, Es2, Et2, El2	Very High
Three-Port TRL Calibration	S11, S21, S31 S12, S22, S32 S13, S23, S33	•THRU or LINE • REFLECT •LINE or 2 LOADs	The same as full free-port calibration except for isolation terms	Very High
Four-Port TRL Calibration	S11, S21, S31, S41 S12, S22, S32, S42 S13, S23, S33, S43 S14, S24, S34, S44	•THRU or LINE • REFLECT •LINE or 2 LOADs	The same as full four-port calibration except for isolation terms	Very High
1. If optional directivity calibration is performed. 2. If optional isolation calibration is performed.

note

In the waveguide path, the SOL (Short-Open-Load) calibration method can be replaced by the SSL (Short-Short-Load) and SSS (Short-Short-Short) methods. In these methods, the OPEN and LOAD standards are replaced by SHORT standards with different offsets by assigning them the corresponding classes. Both of these methods are also applicable to the coaxial path.

Rev.: 26.1

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Network Analyzers using S4VNA software