Reflection normalization is the simplest calibration method used for reflection coefficient measurements (S11). Measurement of one standard (SHORT or OPEN) is sufficient to perform this type of calibration (See figure below).
This method is called normalization because the measured S-parameter at each frequency point is divided (normalized) by the corresponding S-parameter of the calibration standard. Reflection normalization corrects the reflection tracking error (Er) only. This constrains the accuracy of the method.
Normalization eliminates frequency-dependent attenuation and phase offset in the measurement circuit but does not compensate errors of directivity and mismatch.
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Reflection normalization can also be referred to as response open or response short calibration depending on the standard being used: OPEN or SHORT. |
